Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2000(2000), No. 57, pp. 1-21. Title: Variational and penalization methods for studying connecting orbits of Hamiltonian systems Authors: Chao-Nien Chen (National Changhua Univ. of Education, Taiwan) Shyuh-yaur Tzeng (National Changhua Univ. of Education, Taiwan) Abstract: In this article, we consider a class of second order Hamiltonian systems that possess infinite or finite number of equilibria. Variational arguments will be used to study the existence of connecting orbits joining pairs of equilibria. Applying penalization methods, we obtain various patterns for multibump homoclinics and heteroclinics of Hamiltonian systems. Submitted November 11, 1999. Published August 22, 2000. Math Subject Classifications: 34C37, 49M30, 58E99, 58F09. Key Words: Hamiltonian system; homoclinic; heteroclinic; calculus of variations.