Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2006(2006), No. 110, pp. 1-25. Title: On periodic linear neutral delay differential and difference equations Authors: Christos G. Philos (Univ. of Ioannina, Greece) Ioannis K. Purnaras (Univ. of Ioannina, Greece) Abstract: This article concerns the behavior of the solutions to periodic linear neutral delay differential equations as well as to periodic linear neutral delay difference equations. Some new results are obtained via two appropriate distinct roots of the corresponding (so called) characteristic equation. Submitted April 13, 2006. Published September 11, 2006. Math Subject Classifications: 34K25, 34K40, 39A11. Key Words: Neutral delay differential equation; neutral delay difference equation; periodic coefficients; characteristic equation; behavior of solutions.