\documentclass[reqno]{amsart}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\AtBeginDocument{{\noindent\small
\emph{Electronic Journal of Differential Equations},
Vol. 2014 (2014), No. 249, pp. 1--13.\newline
ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu
\newline ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu}
\thanks{\copyright 2014 Texas State University - San Marcos.}
\vspace{9mm}}

\begin{document}
\title[\hfilneg EJDE-2014/249\hfil Existence of solutions]
{Solutions to quasi-linear differential equations with
iterated deviating arguments}

\author[R. Haloi \hfil EJDE-2014/249\hfilneg]
{Rajib Haloi}  % in alphabetical order

\address{Rajib Haloi \newline
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tezpur University,
Napaam, Tezpur 784028, India\newline
Phone +91-03712-275511-2597053, Fax +91-03712-267006}
\email{rajib.haloi@gmail.com}

\thanks{Submitted September 15, 2014. Published December 1, 2014.}
\subjclass[2000]{34G20, 34K30, 35K90, 47N20, 39B12}
\keywords{Deviating argument; analytic semigroup;\hfill\break\indent 
fixed point theorem; iterated argument}

\begin{abstract}
 We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and  uniqueness of solutions
 to quasi-linear differential equations with iterated deviating arguments,
 complex Banach space. The results are obtained by using the semigroup theory for
 parabolic equations and fixed point theorems. The main results are illustrated
 by an example.
\end{abstract}

\maketitle
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
\allowdisplaybreaks


\section{Introduction}

Let $(X,\|\cdot\|)$ be a complex Banach space. For each $t$, 
$0\leq t\leq T<\infty$ and $x\in X$, let $A(t,x): D(A(t,x))\subset X
\to X$ be a linear operator on $X$. We study the following problem in $X$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered} 
\frac{du}{dt}+A(t,u(t))u(t)=f(t,u(t),u(w_1(t,u(t)))),\quad t>0; \\
u(0)= u_0,
\end{gathered} \label{qi}
\end{equation}
where $u: \mathbb{R}_+ \to X$, $u_0\in X$, 
$w_1(t,u(t))=h_1(t,u(h_2(t,\dots,u(h_m(t,u(t)))\dots)))$, 
$f: \mathbb{R}_+\times X \times X \to X$ and
$h_j: \mathbb{R}_+\times X \to \mathbb{R}_+$, $j=1,2,3,\dots, m $ 
are continuous functions. The non-linear
functions $f$ and $h_j$ satisfy appropriate conditions in terms of  their
arguments (see Section \ref{sec-prelim}).

The class of quasi-linear differential equations is one of the most important 
classes that arise in the study of gas dynamics, continuum mechanics, 
traffic flow models, nonlinear acoustics, and groundwater flows, to mention 
only  a few of their application in real world problems 
(see \cite{Amann95,AJ,Kato75}). Thus the theory of quasi-linear 
differential equations  and their generalizations become  as one of 
the most rapid developing areas in applied mathematics. 
In this article we consider one such generalization. 
We establish the existence and uniqueness theory for a class quasi-linear 
differential equation to a class quasi-linear differential equation with 
iterated deviating arguments. The main results of this article are new and  
complement to the existing ones that generalize some results of \cite{gal,rhd,SS2}.  
Different sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to  
quasi-linear differential equations can be found in
 \cite{Amann,And81,rhd,Kato75,Kato93,Kob89,Murphy,SOB}.  
Further,  we refer to \cite{norkin,gal,TJ,TJ2} for a nice introductions 
to the theory of differential equations with deviating arguments and 
references cited therein for more details.


The plentiful applications of differential equations with deviating
arguments has motivated the rapid development of the theory of
differential equations with deviating arguments and their
generalization in the recent years 
(see \cite{gal,rhd,haloi12,haloi12d,haloi12j,PK,SS1,SS2,SS3,SS4}).  
Stevi\'{c} \cite{SS2} has proved some sufficient conditions for the 
existence of a bounded solution  on the whole real line for the   
system 
\begin{equation*}
u'(t)=Au(t)+G(t,u(t),u(v_1(t)),u'(g(t))),
\end{equation*}
where $v_1(t)=f_1(t,x(f_2(t,\dots, x(f_k(t,x(t)),\dots)))$, 
$A=\operatorname{diag}(A_1,A_2)$ is an $n\times n $ real constant matrix with 
$A_1$ and $A_2$ matrices of dimensions $p\times p$ and $q\times q$, respectively, 
$p+q=n$, and 
$G: \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^n \times 
\mathbb{R}^n \to  \mathbb{R}^n$, 
$f_j: \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$, $j=1,2,3,\dots ,k$ and 
$g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$. The results are obtained when 
$G(\cdot,x,y,z)$ satisfies  Lipschitz condition in $x,y,z$;  
$f_j(\cdot,x)$ satisfies Lipschitz condition in $x$ and $A$ satisfies some 
stability condition \cite{SS2}.

Recently, Kumar et al \cite{PK}  established sufficient conditions for the  
existence  of piecewise continuous  mild solutions in a Banach space $X$ 
to the  problem
\begin{equation}
 \begin{gathered}
\frac{d}{dt}u(t)+Au(t) =g(t,u(t),u[v_1(t,u(t))]),\quad t\in I=[0,T_0],\;
 t \neq t_k,\\
\Delta u|_{t=t_k}= I_k(u(t_k^{-})),\quad k=1,2,\dots,m,
   \\ u(0)= u_0,
\end{gathered}\label{mainp}
\end{equation}
where 
\[
v_1(t,u(t))=f_1(t,u(f_2(t,\dots,u(f_m(t,u(t)))\dots)))
\]
and $-A$ is the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup of
bounded linear operators. The functions $g$
and $f_i$ satisfy  appropriate  conditions. 
$I_k$  ($k = 1, 2, \dots ,m$) are bounded functions for
 $0 = t_0 < t_1 <, \dots  ,< t_m < t_{m+1} = T_0$, and
$\Delta u|_{t=t_k} = u(t^+_ k ) - u(t^-_ k )$, $u(t^-_ k )$ and
$u(t^+_ k )$ represent the left and right hand limits of $u(t)$ at 
$t =t_k $, respectively. For more details, we refer the reader to \cite{PK}.

With  strong motivation from \cite{PK,SS1,SS2,SS3}, we establish the sufficient 
condition for the existence as well as uniqueness of a
solution for a quasi-linear functional differential equation with iterated
deviating argument in a Banach space.

We  organize this article  as follows. 
The preliminaries and assumptions on the functions $f$, $h_j$  and the operator
$A_0\equiv A(0,u_0)$ are provided in Section 
\ref{sec-prelim}.
The local existence and uniqueness of a solution
to Problem \eqref{qi} have established in Section \ref{Main Result-quasi}.
 The application of the main results are illustrated by an example at the end.

\section{Preliminaries and assumptions}\label{sec-prelim}

 In this section, we recall some basic facts, lemmas and theorems that are 
useful in the remaining sections. We make  assumptions on the functions 
$f$, $h_j$  and the operator
$A_0\equiv A(0,u_0)$ that are required for the proof of the main results. 
The material covered in this section can be found, in more detail, in 
 Friedman \cite{AF} and Tanabe \cite{Tanabe}.


 Let  $\mathcal{L}(X)$ denote the Banach algebra of all bounded linear 
operators on $X$. For $T\in [0,\infty)$, let  $\{A(t): 0\leq t \leq T \}$
 be a family of closed linear operators on the Banach space $X$ such that
\begin{itemize}
\item[(B1)] the domain $D(A)$ of $A(t)$ is dense in $X$ and independent of $t$;

\item[(B2)]  the resolvent $R(\lambda ;A(t))$ exists for all 
$\operatorname{Re}\lambda \leq 0$, for each $t\in[0,T]$, and
$$
\|R(\lambda ;A(t))\|\leq \frac{ C}{|\lambda|+1}, \operatorname{Re}
 \lambda  \leq 0, \quad t \in [0,T]
$$ 
for some  constant $C>0$ (independent of $t$ and $\lambda$);
\item[(B3)] there are constants $C>0$ and  $\rho \in(0,1]$  with  
$$
\|[A(t)-A(\tau)]A^{-1}(s)\|\leq C |t-\tau|^\rho,
$$ 
for $t,s,\tau \in [0,T]$, where $C$ and $\rho$ are independent of 
$t$, $\tau$ and $s$.
\end{itemize}
Note taht assumption (B2) implies that for each
$s\in [0,T]$, $-A(s)$ generates a strongly continuous analytic
semigroup $\{ e^{-tA(s)}: t\geq 0 \}$ in
 $\mathcal{L}(X)$.  Also the assumption (B3) implies that
there exists a   constant $C>0$ such that
  \begin{equation}\label{A1}
  \|A(t)A^{-1}(s)\|\leq C,
  \end{equation} 
for all $ 0\leq s, t\leq T $. Hence, for each $t$, the functional 
$y\to \|A(t)y\|$
defines an equivalent norm on $D(A)=D(A(0))$ and the mapping 
$t\to A(t)$ from $[0,T]$ into $\mathcal{L}(X_1,X)$ is uniformly H\"{o}lder
  continuous.


  The  following  theorem will give the existence of a solution to the 
 homogeneous Cauchy problem
\begin{equation}\label{hom}
\frac{du}{dt}+A(t)u=0; \quad u(t^*)=u_0,\quad t > t^* \geq 0\,.
\end{equation}

\begin{theorem}[{\cite[Lemma II. 6.1]{AF}}] \label{pq1} 
Let the assumptions {\rm (B1)--(B3)} hold. Then there exists a unique 
fundamental solution
$\{U(t,s): 0\leq s \leq t \leq T\}$ to \eqref{hom}.
\end{theorem}

Let  $C^\beta([t^*,T];X)$ denote the space of all $X$-valued
 functions $h(t)$, that  are uniformly H\"{o}lder continuous on
 $[t^*,T]$ with exponent $\beta$, where $ 0<\beta \leq 1$.
Then the solution to the  problem
\begin{equation}\label{aux}
\frac{du}{dt}+A(t)u=h(t), \quad u(t^*)=u_0, ~~ t > t^* \geq 0~~
\end{equation} is given by the following theorem.

\begin{theorem}[{\cite[Theorem II. 3.1 ]{AF}}] \label{pq2} 
Let the assumptions {\rm (B1)--(B3)} hold. 
If $h\in C^\beta([t^*,T];X)$ and $u_0 \in X$, then there exists a  unique
solution of \eqref{aux} and  the solution
$$
u(t)= U(t,t^*)u_0+\int_{t^*}^t U(t,s)h(s)ds, \quad t^*\leq t \leq T
$$  
is continuously differentiable on $(t^*,T]$.
\end{theorem}

 We need the following assumption to
establish the existence of a local solution to \eqref{qi}:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(H1)] The operator $A_0=A(0,u_0)$ is a closed linear
with domain $ D_0$ dense in $X$ and  the resolvent
$R(\lambda ;A_0)$ exists for all Re $\lambda \leq 0$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{para03}
\|(\lambda I-A_0)^{-1}\|\leq \frac{C}{ 1+|\lambda|} \quad 
\text{for all $\lambda$ with }\operatorname{Re} \lambda \leq 0
\end{equation} 
for some positive constant $C$( independent of $\lambda$).
\end{itemize}
Then the negative
fractional powers of the operator $A_0$ is well defined.
 For $\alpha>0$,  we define 
 $$
A_0^{-\alpha}= \frac{1}{\Gamma (\alpha)}
 \int_0^{\infty} e^{-t A_0} t ^{\alpha -1}d t .
$$ 
Then $A_0^{-\alpha}$  is a bijective and bounded linear operator on $X$.
 We define the positive fractional powers
 of $A_0$ by $A_0^\alpha\equiv[A_0^{-\alpha}]^{-1}$. 
Then $A_0^\alpha$ is closed linear operator and  domain $D(A_0^\alpha)$ 
is dense in $X$.
If $ \varsigma > \upsilon$, then $D(A_0^\varsigma)\subset D(A_0^\upsilon)$.
For $0<\alpha \leq 1$, we denote $X_\alpha= D(A_0^\alpha)$. 
Then $(X_\alpha,\|\cdot\|)$ is a Banach space equipped  with the graph norm 
$$
\|x\|_\alpha=\|A_0^\alpha x\|.
$$
If $0<\alpha \leq 1$, the embeddings $X_\alpha \hookrightarrow X$ are dense and
continuous.

For each $\alpha>0$, we define $ X_{-\alpha}=(X_\alpha)^*$, the dual space of
  $X_\alpha$, endowed with the natural norm
  $$
\|x\|_{-\alpha}=\|A_0^{-\alpha}x\|.
$$ 
Then  $(X_{-\alpha},\|\cdot\|_{-\alpha})$ is a Banach space. 
The following assumptions are necessary for proving the main result.

   Let $R,R_1>0$ and $B_\alpha=\{x\in X_\alpha: \|x\|_\alpha <R\}$,
$B_{\alpha-1}=\{y\in X_{\alpha-1}: \|y\|_{\alpha -1}<R_1\}$.
\begin{itemize}
\item[(H2)]  The operator $A(t,x)$ is well defined on
$D_0$ for all $t\in [0,T]$, for some $\alpha \in [0,1)$ and for any 
$x\in B_\alpha $. Furthermore, $A(t,x)$ satisfies
\begin{equation}\label{Ah}
\|[A(t,x)-A(s,y)]A^{-1}(s,y)\|\leq
C(R)[|t-s|^{\theta}+\|x-y\|^{\gamma}_\alpha]
\end{equation} 
for some constants $\theta,\gamma\in(0,1]$ and
$C(R)> 0$, for any $t,s \in[0,T]$ and
$x,y\in B_\alpha$.

\item[(H3)] For $\alpha \in (0,1)$, there exist constants 
$C_f\equiv C_{f}(t,R,R_1)> 0$ and $0< \theta,\gamma,\rho \leq1$
such that the non-linear map $f:[0,T]\times B_\alpha \times
B_{\alpha-1}\to X$ satisfies
\begin{equation}
\|f(t,x,x_1)-f(s,y,y_1)\| \le C_f
(|t-s|^{\theta}+\|x-y\|^\gamma_\alpha+ \|x_1-y_1\|^\rho_{\alpha-1}
)\label{f20q}
\end{equation}
for every $t,s\in [0,T]$, $x,y\in B_\alpha$, $x_1,y_1\in
B_{\alpha-1}$.

\item[(H4)]For some $\alpha \in [0,1)$,  there exist constants 
$C_{h_j}\equiv C_h(t, R)> 0$
and $0< \theta_i\leq 1$, such that  $h_j:B_{\alpha-1} \times [0,T]
\to [0,T]$ satisfies $h_j(\cdot ,0)=0$,
\begin{equation}
|h_j(t,x)-h_j(s,y)| \le C_{h_j} (|t-s|^{\theta_i} +\|x-y\|^\gamma_{\alpha-1}
), \label{h20q}
\end{equation}
for all  $x,y\in B_\alpha$, for all $s,t \in [0,T] $ and  $j=1,2,\dots ,m$.

\item[(H5)] Let $u_0\in X_\beta$ for some $\beta>\alpha$, and
\begin{equation}
\| u_0\|_\alpha <R.
\end{equation}

\item[(H6)] The operator $A_0^{-1}$ is completely continuous operator.
\end{itemize}

\begin{remark} \rm
We note that the assumptions  (H1) and (H6) imply that $A^{-\nu}$ 
is completely continuous for any $0 <\nu \leq 1$. Indeed, we define
$$
A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}= \frac{1}{\Gamma (\alpha)} 
\int_\vartheta^{\infty} e^{-t A_0} t ^{\nu -1}d t .
$$ 
We write $A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}=A_0^{-1}(A_0A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}) $. 
As $A_0A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}$ is a bounded operator for each $\vartheta>0$, 
so $A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}$ is completely continuous. Also 
$\|A_{0,\vartheta}^{-\nu}-A_0^{-\nu}\| \to 0$ as $\vartheta \to 0$. 
Thus $A_0^{-\nu}$ is completely
continuous.
\end{remark}

Let us state the following Lemmas that will be used in the
subsequent sections. Let $C^\beta([t^*,T];X)$ denote 
the space of all H\"{o}lder continuous function from  $[t^*,T]$ into $X$.

 \begin{lemma}[{\cite[Lemma 1.1]{FS}}] \label{L1}
If  $g\in C^\beta([t^*,T];X)$, then $H:C^\beta([t^*,T];X)\to
C([t^*,T];X_1)$ by 
$$
 Hg(t)=\int^t_{t^*}U(t,s)g(s)ds,\quad t^*\leq t\leq T
$$
is a bounded mapping and 
$\|Hg\|_{C([t^*,T];X_1)}\leq C\|g\|_{C^\beta([t^*,T];X)}$, for some $C>0$.
 \end{lemma}  

As a consequence of Lemma \ref{L1}, we obtain

\begin{corollary} 
For $v\in X_1$, define 
$$ 
R(v;g)=U(t,0)v+ \int_0^t U(t,s)g(s)ds,~0\leq t\leq T.
$$ 
Then $R$ is a bounded linear mapping
from $X_1\times C^\beta([0,T];X)$ into $C([0,T];X_1)$.
\end{corollary}

\section{Main results}\label{Main Result-quasi}
 
We  establish the existence and uniqueness of a  local
solution to Problem \eqref{qi}.
 Let $I$ denote the interval $[0,\delta]$ for some positive
number $\delta$ to be specified later. For $0\leq \alpha \leq 1 $,
let $\mathcal{C}_\alpha=\{u| u: I \to X_\alpha \text{ is continuous}\}$
Then $(\mathcal{C}_\alpha, \|\cdot\|_\infty)$ is a Banach space, where 
$\|\cdot\|_\infty$ is defined as  
$$
\|u\|_\infty =\sup_{t\in I}\|u(t)\|_{\alpha} \text{ for } u \in C(I;X_\alpha).
$$  
Let
$$
 Y_\alpha \equiv C_{L_\alpha}(I;X_{\alpha-1})
=\big\{y \in \mathcal{C}_\alpha: \|y(t)-y(s)\|_{\alpha-1}\le L_\alpha
|t-s|\text{ for all } t,s\in I\big\}
$$ 
for some positive constant $L_\alpha$  to be specified later. 
Then  $Y_\alpha$ is a Banach space endowed with the supremum norm 
of $\mathcal{C}_\alpha$.

\begin{definition} \rm
A  function $u:I\to X$ is said to be a solution to
Problem \eqref{qi} if $u$ satisfies the
following:\begin{itemize}
 \item[(i)]  $u(\cdot)\in C_{L_\alpha}(I;X_{\alpha-1}) \cap
C^1((0,\delta);X)  \cap C(I;X)$;

\item [(ii)]  $u(t)\in X_1$ for all $t\in
(0,\delta)$;

\item[(iii)] $ \frac{du}{dt}+A(t,u(t))u(t)=f(t,u(t),u(w_1(u(t),t)))$ 
for all $t\in (0,\delta)$;

\item[(iv)] $u(0)=u_0$.
\end{itemize}
\end{definition}

  We choose  $ R>0$ small enough such that the assumptions (H2)--(H5) hold.
Let $K>0$ and $0<\eta <\beta-\alpha $ be fixed constants, where
$0<\alpha<\beta \leq 1$. Define
$$
\mathcal{W(\delta,K,\eta)}=\big\{x\in \mathcal{C}_\alpha \cap Y_\alpha: x(0)=u_0,
  \|x(t)-x(s)\|_\alpha \leq K |t-s|^\eta \;\text{for all}\; t,s\in I\big\}.
$$
Then $\mathcal{W}$ is a non-empty, closed, bounded and convex subset
of $\mathcal{C}_\alpha$. We prove the following theorem  for the local existence
and uniqueness of a  solution to Problem \eqref{qi}. The
proof is based on the ideas of Haloi et al  \cite{rhd} and Sobolevski\u{i}
\cite{SOB}.

 \begin{theorem} \label{ms201} 
Let $u_0\in X_\beta$, where $0<\alpha<\beta \leq 1$.
Let the assumptions (H1)--(H6) hold. Then there exist
 a solution $u(t)$ to Problem~\emph{\eqref{qi}} in $I=[0,\delta]$ for some 
positive number $\delta \equiv \delta( \alpha,u_0)$
such that $u\in \mathcal{W}\cap C^1((0,\delta); X)$. 
\end{theorem}


\begin{proof} 
Let $x\in \mathcal{W} $. It follows from (H5)  that
\begin{equation}
\|x(t)\|_\alpha <R \quad  \text{for } t\in I\label{uni}
\end{equation} for  sufficiently
small $\delta>0$. By assumption (H2), the operator
\begin{equation*}
A_x(t)=A(t,x(t))
\end{equation*} 
is well defined for each $t\in I$. Also it follows from assumption 
(H2) and inequality \eqref{A1} that
\begin{equation}\label{H1}
\|
[A_x(t)-A_x(s)]A_0^{-1}\|\leq C |t-s|^\mu\quad  \text{for }\mu= \min
\{ \theta,\gamma\eta\},
\end{equation}
for $C>0$ is a constant independent of $\delta$ and  $x\in \mathcal{W}$. 
We note  that $A_x(0)=A_0$.
Assumption (H1) and  inequality \eqref{H1} imply that
\begin{equation}\label{para2}
\|(\lambda I-A_x(t))^{-1}\|\leq \frac{C}{1+|\lambda|}\quad
 \text{for $\lambda$ with }\operatorname{Re} \lambda \leq 0,\; t\in I,
\end{equation} 
sufficiently small $\delta>0$. Again from  assumption (H3), it follows that
\begin{equation}\label{H12}
\|[A_x(t)-A_x(s)]A^{-1}_x(\tau)\|\leq C |t-s|^\mu \quad \text{for }
t,\tau, s \in I.
\end{equation}
It follows from the assumption (H2), \eqref{para2} and
\eqref{H12} that the operator $A_x(t)$ satisfies the assumptions
(B1)--(B3). Thus there exists a unique
fundamental solution $U_x(t,s)$ for $s,t \in I$, corresponding to
the operator $A_x(t)$ (see Theorem \ref{pq1}).
 For $x\in \mathcal{W}$, we put $f_x(t)=f(t,x(t),x(w_1(t,x(t))))$.
Then the  assumptions (H3) and (H4) imply that $f_x$ is H\"{o}lder continuous 
on $I$ of  exponent 
$\gamma =\min \{\theta,\gamma \eta,\theta_1\rho,\theta_2 \eta\gamma\rho, 
\theta_3 \eta^2\gamma^2\rho,\dots ., \theta_m \eta^{m-1}\gamma^{m-1}\rho\}$. 
By Theorem \ref{pq1}, there exists a  unique solution $\psi_x$ to  the 
problem
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered} 
\frac{d\psi_x(t)}{dt}+A_x(t)\psi_x(t)
= f_x(t), \quad t\in I; \\
\psi(0)= u_0 
\end{gathered} \label{Pv01}
\end{equation}
and  given by 
\begin{equation*} 
\psi_x(t)= U_x(t,0)u_0+\int_{0}^t U_x(t,s)f_x(s)ds, \quad  t \in I.
\end{equation*}
 Now for each $x\in \mathcal{W} $, we  define a map
$Q$ by
\[
Qx(t) = U_x(t,0)u_0+\int_{0}^tU_x(t,s)f_x(s)ds \quad \text{for each } t\in I.
\]
By  Lemma \ref{L1} and the assumption (H5),
the map $Q$ is well defined and $Q: \mathcal{W} \to \mathcal C_\alpha$.
We  show  that $Q$ maps  from $\mathcal{W} $ into $\mathcal{W}$ for
sufficiently small $\delta>0$. Indeed, if $t_1,t_2\in I$ with
$t_2>t_1$, then we have
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\|Qx(t_2)-Qx(t_1)\|_{\alpha-1}\\
&\leq \| [U_x(t_2,0)-U_x(t_1,0)]u_0 \|_{\alpha-1} \\
&\quad  + \big\|\int_{0}^{t_2}U_x(t_2,s)f_x(s)ds -
\int_{0}^{t_1}U_x(t_1,s)f_x(s)ds\big\|_{\alpha-1}.
\end{aligned} \label{new201}
\end{equation}

Using the bounded  inclusion $X \to X_{\alpha-1}$, we estimate the
first term on the right hand side of \eqref{new201} as
(cf. \cite[Lemma II. 14.1]{AF}),
\begin{equation}
\big\|\big(U_x(t_2,0)-U_x(t_1,0)\big)u_0\big\|_{\alpha-1}
 \leq C_1 \|u_0\|_\alpha (t_2-t_1), \label{new1201}
\end{equation}
where $C_1$ is some positive constant. Using \cite[Lemma 14.4]{AF},
 we obtain the estimate for the second term on the right hand side of
\eqref{new201} as
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\|\int_{0}^{t_2}U_x(t_2,s)f_x(s)ds
 - \int_{0}^{t_1}U_x(t_1,s)f_x(s)ds\|_{\alpha-1}\\
& \leq  C_2 M_f (t_2-t_1)(|\log(t_2-t_1)|+1),
\end{aligned} \label{new2201}
\end{equation}
where $M_f=\sup_{s\in [0,T]} \|f_x(s)\|$
and $C_2$ is some positive constant.

 Thus from \eqref{new1201} and \eqref{new2201}, we obtain
\begin{equation}
 \|Qx(t_2)-Qx(t_1)\|_{\alpha-1} \leq
L_{\alpha}|t_2-t_1|,\label{new821}
\end{equation}
where  $L_{\alpha}= \max \{C_1 \|u_0\|_\alpha, C_2
M_f(|\log(t_2-t_1)|+1)\} $  that depends on $C_1,C_2,M_f,\delta $.
Finally, we show that
$$
\|Qx(t+\Delta t)-Qx(t)\|_\alpha \leq K_1 (\Delta t)^\eta
$$
for some constants $K_1>0$, $0<\eta<1 $ and for $t\in [0,\delta]$.
 For $0\leq \alpha <\beta \leq 1$, $0 \leq t \leq t+\Delta t\leq \delta $, we have
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\|Qx(t+\Delta t)-Qx(t)\|_\alpha\\
&\leq   \|\Big [U_x(t+\Delta t,0)-U_x(t,0)\Big]u_0  \|_\alpha \\
&\quad + \|\int_{0}^{t+\Delta t} U_x(t+\Delta t,s)f_x(s)ds-\int_{0}^{t}
U_x(t,s)f_x(s)ds \|_\alpha.
\end{aligned} \label{ii}
\end{equation}
Using   \cite[Lemma II. 14.1]{AF} and  \cite[Lemma II. 14.4]{AF}, we obtain the
following two estimates
\begin{gather}\label{A101}
\|[U_x(t+\Delta t,0)-U_x(t,0)]u_0\|_\alpha \leq
C(\alpha,u_0)(\Delta t)^{\beta-\alpha}; \\
\label{B101}
\begin{aligned}
&\big\|\int_0^{t+\Delta t} U_x(t+\Delta t,s)f_x(s)ds-\int_{0}^{t}
U_x(t,s)f_x(s)ds\big\|_\alpha \\
&\leq C(\alpha)M_f (\Delta t)^{1-\alpha}(1+|\log \Delta t|).
\end{aligned}
\end{gather}
Using \eqref{A101} and \eqref{B101} in \eqref{ii}, we obtain
\begin{align*}
&\|Qx(t+\Delta t)-Qx(t)\|_\alpha \\
&\leq  (\Delta t)^\eta \Big[C(\alpha,u_0)\delta^{\beta-\alpha-\eta}
+C(\alpha)M_f\delta^\nu (\Delta t)^{1-\alpha -\eta -\nu}(|\log \Delta t|+1)\Big]
\end{align*}
for any $\nu >0, \nu<1-\alpha-\eta$. Thus  for sufficiently small
$\delta>0$ , we have
\begin{equation*}\|Qx(t+\Delta t)-Qx(t)\|_\alpha
\leq K_1 (\Delta t)^\eta~ ~\text{for all}~ t\in [0,\delta],
\end{equation*}
some positive constant $K_1$.  Thus  $Q$
maps $\mathcal{W}$ into $\mathcal{W}$.

  We show that $Q$ is continuous in $\mathcal{W}$. Let
$t\in [0,\delta]$.  Let  $x_1,x_2 \in \mathcal{W}$. We put
$\phi_1(t)=\psi_{x_1}(t)$ and $\phi_2(t)=\psi_{x_2}(t)$. Then for $j=1,2$, we
have
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
\frac{d\phi_j(t)}{dt}+A_{x_j}(t)\phi_j(t)
=f_{x_j}(t), \quad t\in (0,\delta]; \\
\phi_j(0)= u_0.
\end{gathered} \label{Pv01c}
\end{equation}
Then from \eqref{Pv01c}, we have
\[
\frac{d(\phi_1-\phi_2)(t)}{dt}+A_{x_1}(t)(x_1-x_2)(t)
=[A_{x_2}(t)-A_{x_1}(t)]\phi_2(t)+[f_{x_1}(t)-f_{x_2}(t)]
\]
for $t\in (0,\delta]$. We note that
$A_0x_2(t)$ is uniformly H\"{o}lder  continuous for 
$\tau \leq t \leq \delta $ and for  $\tau >0$ which is followed form 
\cite[Lemma II. 14.3]{AF} and \cite[Lemma II.14.5]{AF}. Again Lemma
\ref{L1} implies that
$$
 \|A_0  \int^t_0 U_{x_2}(t,s) f_{x_2}(s)ds \| \leq C_3
$$ 
for some  positive constant $C_3$. Thus we have the  bound
\begin{equation}\label{bo}
\|A_0\phi_2(t)\|\leq C_4 t^{\beta-1}
\end{equation} 
for some positive constant $C_4$ and $t\in (0,\delta]$. Further, 
in view of \eqref{A1} and \eqref{H12}, the operator
$[A_{x_2}(t)-A_{x_1}(t)]A^{-1}_0$ is uniformly H\"{o}lder continuous
for $\tau \leq t \leq \delta $ and   $\tau >0$. Hence,
$[A_{x_2}(t)-A_{x_1}(t)]\phi_2(t)$ is uniformly H\"{o}lder continuous
for $\tau \leq t \leq \delta $ and for $\tau >0$. By  Theorem
\ref{pq1}, we obtain that for any $\tau \leq t \leq \delta $  and
$\tau>0$,
\begin{equation} \label{co}
\begin{aligned}
&\phi_1(t)-\phi_2(t)\\
&= U_{x_1}(t,\tau)[\phi_1(\tau)-\phi_2(\tau)] \\
&\quad + \int_\tau ^t
U_{x_1}(t,s)\Big\{[A_{x_2}(s)-A_{x_1}(s)]\phi_2(s)
+[f_{x_1}(s)-f_{x_2}(s)]\Big\}ds.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Using the bound \eqref{bo}, we take  the limit as $\tau
\to 0$ in \eqref{co}, and passing to the limit, we obtain
\[
\phi_1(t)-\phi_2(t)= \int_0 ^t
U_{x_1}(t,s)\Big\{[A_{x_2}(s)-A_{x_1}(s)]\phi_2(t)+[f_{x_1}(s)-f_{x_2}(s)]\Big\}ds.
\]
Using \eqref{Ah}, \eqref{f20q},
\eqref{h20q} and \cite[inequlity II. 14.12]{AF}, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\|Qx_1(t)-Qx_2(t)\|_\alpha
& \leq C C(R)\int _0^t
(t-s)^{-\alpha}\|x_1(s)-x_2(s)\|^\gamma_\alpha s^{\beta-1} ds\\
&\quad +CC_f \int _0^t
(t-s)^{-\alpha} \Big\{\|x_1(s)-x_2(s)\|^\gamma_\alpha\\
&\quad +\|x_1(w_1(x_1(s),s))-x_2(w_1(x_2(s),s))\|^\rho_{\alpha-1}\Big\}ds,
\end{aligned}\label{sc}
\end{equation}
 where $C$ is  some positive constant. Now using the bounded inclusion
$X_\alpha \to X_{\alpha-1}$, inequalities \eqref{f20q} and \eqref{h20q}, we obtain
\begin{align}
&\|x_1(w_1(x_1(s),s))-x_2(w_1(x_2(s),s))\|^\rho_{\alpha-1} \nonumber\\
&=\|x_1(h_1(t,x_1(h_2(t,\dots,x_1(h_m(t,x_1(t)))\dots)))) \nonumber\\
&\quad -x_2(h_1(t,x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots))))\|^\rho_{\alpha-1}
\nonumber\\
&\leq \|x_1(h_1(t,x_1(h_2(t,\dots,x_1(h_m(t,x_1(t)))\dots)))) \nonumber\\
&\quad -x_1(h_1(t,x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots))))\|^\rho_{\alpha-1}
\nonumber\\
&\quad +\|x_1(h_1(t,x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots)))) \nonumber\\
&\quad -x_2(h_1(t,x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots))))\|^\rho_{\alpha-1}
\nonumber\\
& \leq L_\alpha^\rho |h_1(t,x_1(h_2(t,\dots,x_1(h_m(t,x_1(t)))\dots))) \nonumber\\
&\quad -h_1(t,x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots)))|^\rho
  +\|x_1-x_2\|^\rho_\alpha \nonumber\\
& \leq L_\alpha^\rho C^\rho_{h_1}\|x_1(h_2(t,\dots,x_1(h_m(t,x_1(t)))\dots)) \nonumber\\
&\quad -x_2(h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots))\|^{\gamma\rho}_{\alpha-1}]
 +\|x_1-x_2\|^\rho_\alpha \nonumber\\
& \leq L_\alpha^\rho C^\rho_{h_1}\bigg[L^\rho_\alpha |h_2(t,\dots,x_1(h_m(t,x_1(t)))
 \dots) \nonumber\\
&\quad -h_2(t,\dots,x_2(h_m(t,x_2(t)))\dots)|^{\gamma \rho}
 +\|x_1-x_2\|_\alpha^{\gamma\rho}\bigg]+\|x_1-x_2\|^\rho_\alpha \nonumber\\
& \quad \dots \nonumber\\
& \leq \Big[{1+L_\alpha^\rho C^\rho_{h_1}+(L_\alpha^\rho)^2 C^\rho_{h_1}
 C^\rho_{h_2}+\dots +(L_\alpha^\rho)^{m} C^\rho_{h_1}\dots C^\rho_{h_m}}\Big]
 \|x_1-x_2\|^\kappa_\alpha \nonumber\\
& = \widetilde{C} \|x_1-x_2\|^\kappa_\alpha,
\label{ax11}
\end{align}
where $\kappa=\min\{\rho,\gamma \rho,\gamma^2\rho, \dots, \gamma^{m-1}\rho\}$ and
\[
\widetilde{C} ={1+L_\alpha^\rho C^\rho_{h_1}+(L_\alpha^\rho)^2
C^\rho_{h_1}C^\rho_{h_2}+\dots +(L_\alpha^\rho)^{m} C^\rho_{h_1}
\dots C^\rho_{h_m}}.
\]
Using \eqref{ax11} in \eqref{sc}, we obtain
\begin{align*}
\|Qx_1(t)-Qx_2(t)\|_\alpha
&\leq C C(R)\int _0^t (t-s)^{-\alpha}\|x_1(s)-x_2(s)\|^\gamma_\alpha s^{\beta-1} ds\\
&\quad + (1+\widetilde{C})CC_f\frac{\delta^{1-\alpha}}{1-\alpha}
 \sup_{t\in [0,\delta]} \|x_1(t)-x_2(t)\|^{\mu}_\alpha \\
& \leq \widetilde{K}\delta^{\beta-\alpha}\sup_{t\in [0,\delta]}
  \|x_1(t)-x_2(t)\|^{\mu}_\alpha,
%\label{con1}
\end{align*}
where $\mu=\min\{\gamma,\kappa \}$ and
$  \widetilde{K}=\max \Big\{\frac{C C(R)}{1-\alpha },
\frac{(1+\widetilde{C})CC_f}{1-\alpha }\Big\}$. Thus
\begin{equation}
\sup_{t\in [0,\delta]}\|Qx_1(t)-Qx_2(t)\|_\alpha
\leq \widetilde{K}\delta^{\beta-\alpha}\sup_{t\in [0,\delta]}
\|x_1(t)-x_2(t)\|^{\mu}_\alpha.\label{scf}
\end{equation}
This shows that the operator $Q$ is  continuous in
$\mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta)$. Again it follows from   inequality \eqref{uni}
that the functions $x(t)$ in $\mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta)$ is uniformly
bounded and is equicontinuous (by the definition of $\mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta)$).
If we can show that the set $\{\psi_x(t): x \in W(\delta,K, \eta)\}$
for each $t\in [0,\delta]$, is contained in a compact subset of
$\mathcal C_\alpha$, then the image of $\mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta)$ under
 $Q$ is contained in a compact subset of $Y_\alpha$ which follows from the
 Ascoli-Arzela theorem.

For each $t\in[0,\delta]$, we have
$$
\psi_x(t)=A_0^{-\nu}A_0^{\nu}\psi_x(t), \quad\text{for }0<\nu< \beta-\alpha.
$$ 
As $\{A_0^\nu \psi_x(t): x\in \mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta) \}$ is a bounded
set and $A_0^{-\nu}$ is completely continuous, so 
$\{\psi_x(t): x \in W(\delta,K, \eta)\}$ for each $t\in [0,\delta]$, 
is contained in a compact subset of $\mathcal C_\alpha$.

Thus by the Schauder fixed point theorem, $Q$ has a fixed point $x$ 
in $\mathcal{W}(\delta,K, \eta)$; that is,
\[
x(t) = U_x(t,0)u_0+\int_{0}^tU_x(t,s)f_x(s)ds \quad 
\text{for each } t\in I.
\]
It is clear from Theorem \ref{pq2}  that $ x \in C^1((0,\delta);X)$. 
Thus $x$ is a solution to problem \eqref{qi} on $I$.
\end{proof}

The solution to Problem \eqref{qi}  is unique with stronger assumptions. 
We outline the proof of the following theorem that gives the uniqueness 
of the solution. For more details, we refer to Haloi et al \cite{rhd}.

\begin{theorem}\label{uniq}
Let $u_0\in X_\beta$, where $0<\alpha<\beta \leq 1$.
Let the assumptions {\rm (H1)--(H5)} hold with $\rho=1$ and $\gamma=1$. 
Then there exist a positive number $\delta \equiv \delta( \alpha,u_0)$ 
and a unique solution $u(t)$ to Problem~\eqref{qi} in $[0,\delta]$
such that $u\in \mathcal{W}\cap C^1((0,\delta); X)$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof} We define
$$
\mathcal{W(\delta,K,\eta)}
=\Big\{y\in \mathcal{C}_\alpha \cap Y_\alpha: y(0)=u_0,
  \|y(t)-y(s)\|_\alpha \leq K |t-s|^\eta \text{ for all }
 t,s\in [0,\delta]\Big\}.
$$
For $v \in \mathcal{W} $ and $[0,\delta]$, we set $w_v(t)=Qv(t)$,  
where $w_v(t)$ is the solution to the problem
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered} 
\frac{dw_v(t)}{dt}+A_v(t)w_v(t)
=f_v(t), \quad t\in [0,\delta]; \\
w(0)= u_0. 
\end{gathered}\label{Pv011}
\end{equation}
That is, $Qv(t)$ is  given by 
\begin{equation} 
Qv(t)=w_v(t)= U_v(t,0)u_0+\int_{0}^t U_v(t,s)f_v(s)ds, \quad 
 t \in [0,\delta].\label{tm2}
\end{equation}
We choose $\delta>0$ such that
$\widetilde{K} \delta^{\beta-\alpha} <1/2$,
where 
\[
\widetilde{K}=\max \Big\{\frac{C C(R)}{1-\alpha },
\frac{(1+\widetilde{C})CC_f}{ 1-\alpha }\Big\}
\]
 for some positive constant $C$. Then it follows from \eqref{scf}  that the map 
$Q$ defined by \eqref{tm2} is contraction on $\mathcal{W}$. Thus by the Banach
fixed point theorem $Q$ has unique fixed point in $\mathcal{W}$.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark} \rm
 The value of $\delta$ in  Theorem \ref{ms201} and Theorem \ref{uniq} depends on
the constants $C$ in \eqref{para03}, $R$, $\|u_0\|_\beta$ and
$R-\|u\|_\alpha$ for $0<\alpha<\beta \leq 1$. 
So,  any solution $u(t)$ on $[0,\delta]$ is global solution to
Problem \eqref{qi}, it is sufficient to show $[A(t,u(t))]$ satisfies the a priori
bound
$$
\|[A(t,u(t))]^{\beta} u(t)\| \leq D
$$  
for any  $t\in [0,T]$ and  for some positive constant $D$ independent of 
$t$.
\end{remark}


\section{Application}\label{example3}

Let $X=L^2(\Omega)$,
where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary in
$\mathbb{R}^n$. For $T\in [0,\infty)$, we define 
$$
\Omega_T=\big\{(t,x,y,z): x\in\Omega, 0<t<T,y,z \in X \big\}.
$$ 
We consider the following  quasi-linear initial value problem in  $X$ \cite{AF,rhd},
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered} 
\begin{aligned}
&\frac{\partial w(t,x)}{\partial t} +\sum
_{|\beta|\leq 2m}a_\beta(t,x,w,Dw)D^\beta w(t,x)\\
&= f(t,x,w(t,x),w(h_1(w(t,x),t)),x),\quad t>0,\; x\in \Omega,
\end{aligned}   \\ 
D^\beta w(t,x)=0, \quad |\beta |\leq  m,\quad 0\leq t\leq T,\quad 
x\in \partial \Omega,\\ 
w(0,x)= w_0(x),\quad x\in\Omega, 
\end{gathered}\label{ch3ex20}
\end{equation}
where 
\begin{align*}
&f(t,x,w(t,x),w(h_1(w(t,x),t)),x)\\
&=\int _\Omega b(y,x)w\Big(y,\phi_1(t)\big|u\big(x,\phi_{2}(t)|u(x,\dots 
\phi_m(t)|u(t,x)|)|\big)\big|\Big) dy \quad \forall (t,x)\in \Omega_T,
\end{align*} 
$\phi_j:\mathbb{R_{+}}\to\mathbb{R_{+}}$, $ j=1,2,3,\dots ,m$ are locally
 H\"{o}lder continuous  with $\phi(0)=0$, and 
$b\in C^{1}(\overline{\Omega}\times\overline{\Omega};\mathbb{R})$. Here
 we assume  the following two conditions \cite{AF}:
\begin{itemize}
\item [(i)]   $a_\beta(\cdot, \cdot,\cdot, \cdot)$ is a continuously 
 differentiable real valued function in all variables for $|\beta|\leq 2m$;

\item [(ii)] there exists constant $c>0$ such that 
\begin{equation}\label{para} (-1)^m
\operatorname{Re}~\Big\{ \sum _{|\beta|= 2m}a_\beta(t,x,w,Dw)\zeta^\beta \Big\}
\geq c|\zeta|^{2m}
\end{equation} 
for all $(t,x)\in \overline{\Omega}_T$ and $\zeta \in \mathbb{R}^n$.
\end{itemize} 
We take $X_1 \equiv H^{2m}(\Omega)\cap H^m_0(\Omega)$,
$X_{1/2}= H^m_0(\Omega)$, $X_{-1/2}= H^{-1}(\Omega)$ and define
\[
A(t,u)u=\sum _{|\beta|\leq 2m}a_\beta(t,x,u,Du)D^\beta u,\quad 
A_0u=\sum _{|\beta|\leq 2m}a_\beta(0,u_0,Du_0)D^\beta u,
\]
where $u \in D(A_0)$  and 
\[
 D^\beta u= \frac{\partial
^{|\beta|}u}{\partial x_1^{\beta_1}\partial x_2^{\beta_2}\dots \partial
x_n^{\beta_n}}
\]
 is the distributional derivative of $u$ and $\beta$
is a  multi-index with $\beta=(\beta_1,\beta_2,\dots ,\beta_n)$,
$\beta_i\ge 0$ integers.
 It is clear from \eqref{para} that $-A(t)$ generates a strongly continuous 
analytic semi-group of bounded operators on $L^2(\Omega)$ and the assumptions
 (H1), (H2) are satisfied \cite{AF}.
 We define $u(t)
= w(t,\cdot)$. Then  \eqref{ch3ex20} can be written as
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered} 
\frac{du}{dt}+A(t,u(t))u(t) = f(t,u(t),u(w_1(t,u(t)))),\quad t>0;\\
u(0)= u_0, 
\end{gathered} \label{ei}
\end{equation} 
where  $w_1(t,u(t))=h_1(t,u(h_2(t,\dots,u(h_m(t,u(t)))\dots)))$.

Let $\alpha=1/2$ and $2m>n$. By  Minkowski's integral
inequality and imbedding theorem $H_0^{m}(\Omega) \subset
C(\overline{\Omega})$, we obtain
\begin{align*}
\|f(x,\psi_{1}(x,\cdot))-f(x,\psi_{2}(x,\cdot))\|^{2}_{L^{2}(\Omega)}
 & \leq \| b \| _{\infty}^{2}
 \int_\Omega \int_\Omega |(\psi_{1}-\psi_{2})(y,\cdot)|^{2}dxdy \\
 & \leq \| b \| _{\infty} ^{2}
 \int_\Omega  |(\psi_{1}-\psi_{2})(y,\cdot)|^{2}dy\\
 & \leq c \| b \| _{\infty} ^{2}\| \psi_{1}-\psi_{2} \|
 ^{2}_{H^m_0(\Omega)}
 \end{align*} 
for  a  constant $c>0$, for all $\psi_1,\psi_2\in H^m_0(\Omega)$.  
This shows that $f$ satisfies  \eqref{f20q}. We show that the functions 
$h_i:[0,T]\times H_0^{m}(\Omega)\to [0,T]$ defined by 
$h_i(t,\phi)=g_i(t)|\phi (x,\cdot)|$ for each $i=1,2,\dots,m$, 
satisfies the assumption \eqref{h20q}. Let $t\in [0,T]$. 
Then using the embedding $H_0^{m}(\Omega) \subset C(\overline{\Omega})$, we obtain
\begin{align*}
|h_i(t,\chi)| 
&=|\phi_i(t)|~|\chi (x,\cdot)|\\
& \leq ||\phi_i||_{\infty} ||\chi||_{L^\infty(0,1)}\\
& \leq C ||\chi||_{{H_0^{m}(\Omega)}},
\end{align*}
where $C$ is a constant depending on bounds of
$\phi_i$. Let  $t_1,t_2\in [0,T]$ and 
$\chi_{1},\chi_{2}\in H^{m}_0 (\Omega) $. Using the H\"{o}lder continuity 
of $\phi$ and the  imbedding theorem 
$H_0^{m}(\Omega) \subset C(\overline{\Omega})$, we
have
\begin{align*}
|h_i(t,\chi_{1})-h_i(t,\chi_{2})| 
&\leq |\phi_i(t)|(|\chi_{1} (x,\cdot)|-|\chi_{2} (x,\cdot)|)
 +|(\phi_i(t)-\phi_i(s))||\chi_{2}(x,\cdot)|\\
& \leq ||\phi_i||_{\infty} ||\chi_{1}-\chi_{2}||_{L^\infty(0,1)}
 +L_{\phi_i}|t-s|^{\theta}||\chi_{2}||_{L^\infty(0,1)}\\
& \leq C ||\phi_i||_{\infty}||\chi_{1}-\chi_{2}||_{{H^{m}_0 (\Omega)}}
 +L_{\phi_i}|t-s|^{\theta}||\chi_{2}||_{{H^{m}_0 (\Omega)}}\\
& \leq  \max \{ C ||\phi_i||_{\infty},L_{\phi_i}||\chi_{2}||_{\infty}
\}(||\chi_{1}-\chi_{2}||_{{H^{m}_0 (\Omega)}}+|t-s|^{\theta}).
\end{align*}
Thus \eqref{h20q} is satisfied. We have the following theorem.

\begin{theorem} Let $\beta >1/2$. If   $u_0\in X_\beta$, then 
Problem \eqref{ei}  has a unique solution in $L^2(\Omega)$.
\end{theorem}

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